Viscosupplementation Treatment for Knee Arthritis

 

Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States. It develops slowly and the pain it causes worsens over time. Although there is no cure for osteoarthritis, there are many treatment options available to help people manage pain and stay active. In its early stages, arthritis of the knee is treated with nonsurgical methods. Your doctor may recommend a range of treatments, including:

·Modifying your activities

· Weight loss

· Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen

· Physical therapy

· Corticosteroid injections

Another treatment option is a procedure called viscosupplementation. If you have tried all other nonsurgical treatment methods and your pain continues to limit your activities, viscosupplementation may be an option. In this procedure, a gel-like fluid called hyaluronic acid is injected into the knee joint. Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance found in the synovial fluid surrounding joints. It acts as a lubricant to enable bones to move smoothly over each other and as a shock absorber for joint loads. People with osteoarthritis have a lower-than-normal concentration of hyaluronic acid in their joints. The theory is that adding hyaluronic acid to the arthritic joint will facilitate movement and reduce pain. The most recent research, however, has not found viscosupplementation to be effective at significantly reducing pain or improving function. Although some patients report pain relief with the procedure, some people are not helped by the injections.

More information:https://youtube.com/shorts/Kykt-j-zQcA

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Turf toe

Turf toe is an injury in the big toe joint when ligaments, tendons and soft tissues in the joint stretch or tear. It’s a common injury among football players and athletes who sprint or jump. Turf toe usually gets better with rest, ice and over-the-counter pain relievers. Severe turf toe injuries may need surgery.

What is turf toe? 

  Turf toe is an injury that affects the big toe joint. It happens when you bend your big toe too far or too forcefully. This motion causes soft tissues and ligaments in the big toe joint to stretch or tear (sprain). Ligaments are tissues that connect your bones. 

  Turf toe is common among American football players because they frequently push off their toes into a sprint or make sudden movements while running. Most of the time, the injury gets better with treatments like rest, ice and medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Some turf toe injuries that don’t heal with these treatments may need surgical repair.

How common is turf toe?

Turf toe is commonly associated with athletes competing on a turf surface, but it can happen to anyone. The injury can occur in various sports and activities, flexible or rigid shoe wear, and turf or flat surfaces. Turf toe injuries increased in the 1970s when football players began playing on artificial turf instead of grass. Artificial turf is a harder surface than natural grass. There seems to be an increase in the occurrence of turf toe injuries, possibly because of the use of more flexible, lighter shoes. This also may be related to changes in the interaction of the surface with the shoe wear.

What are the symptoms of turf toe?

Turf toe symptoms range from mild to severe. If a sudden injury caused turf toe, you may have heard or felt a “pop” when the injury happened. Pain from a sudden injury usually comes on right away.

Turf toe symptoms from repetitive injuries usually appear gradually and get worse over time. Symptoms of turf toe include:

Pain and tenderness: Pain may be constant, or it may only hurt when you press on the area. Big toe pain may be so severe that you can’t put weight on it.
Swelling and bruising: The base of the big toe may be inflamed. Bruising can extend around the swollen toe and up to the top of the foot.
Limited range of motion: You may not be able to move your toe or bend it up and down. You may feel like your foot is weak or you’re unable to push off the ground like before.

Joint that feels loose:The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint may pop out of place or feel like it’s unstable. The joint may also feel stiff.

What causes turf toe?

A turf toe injury happens when the big toe is bent at a 90-degree angle and pressed flat against the ground. Usually, the heel is high off the ground, like a sprinter’s starting position. If you put too much force on the big toe, you can hyperextend it (bend it farther than it’s supposed to go). Bending the toe beyond its natural range of motion can cause ligaments, tendons and soft tissues in the joint to stretch or tear.Turf toe can result from many repetitive movements over time (like a ballet dancer’s jumps). The injury can also result from sudden trauma, such as when a football player tackles an opponent whose toe is planted on the ground. Athletes who make sudden foot movements and changes in direction are more likely to get this type of injury.

What part of the toe does this injury affect?

The big toe has two joints. The larger joint is the MTP joint. This joint connects the base of the big toe to the rest of the foot.

Tendons, ligaments and connective tissue hold the bones and muscles of the big toe together. These structures provide stability and allow the big toe to move without dislocating. The injury can range from simple sprains to dislocations of the MTP joint.

What are the types of turf toe injuries?

Healthcare providers use a grading system to classify turf toe injuries. The grade helps determine the most effective treatment plan. The types of turf toe injuries are:

Grade 1: Typically soft tissue is stretched, but not torn. The area is sensitive when you touch it. It may be mildly swollen. You may have mild limitations with sports and exercises abilities.
Grade 2: The soft tissue complex partially tears. The area has intense and more diffuse tenderness and is often swollen and bruised. You’ll be more limited with sports and exercises.
Grade 3: Soft tissues more completely torn. The MTP joint may be dislocated. Swelling and pain in the toe are severe. It’s very difficult to move the toe, let alone exercise or play sports.

More information:https://www.youtube.com/shorts/uhbIHp5Tk2o

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What is Ortho - Oncology

Oncology is a branch of medicine that specialises in the study, treatment, and management of cancer. It covers the entire scope of treatment from the diagnosis of cancer to all the different treatments of cancer and palliative care. A doctor who specialises in oncology is called an oncologist. Ortho oncology or orthopedic oncology is the speciality that deals with musculoskeletal cancers. This speciality deals with the diagnosis and treatment of bone cancers, soft tissue sarcomas, other cancers that have spread to the bones and conditions that occur due to another cancer or a side effect of treatment.

Since bone cancer treatment involves many different aspects of oncology, the Narayana Health team takes a multi-disciplinary approach to ortho oncology. An orthopedic oncology team consists of dedicated Orthopaedic Cancer Surgeons, Nuclear Medicine Specialist, Musculoskeletal Radiologists, Interventional Radiologists, Pathologists, Medical Oncology Consultants and Radiation Oncology Consultants.

Narayana Health as a leading bone cancer hospital in India also performs limb salvage surgery in collaboration with plastic and reconstructive surgeons who specialise in musculoskeletal oncology.

Why NH?

Treatment of bone and soft tissue cancer patients at Narayana Health Cancer Institutes have a multidisciplinary approach similar to other disciplines in Oncology, wherein a multidisciplinary team consisting of dedicated Orthopaedic Cancer Surgeons, Musculoskeletal Radiologists, Nuclear Medicine Specialist, Interventional Radiologists, Pathologists, Medical Oncology Consultants and Radiation Oncology Consultants administer the treatment. Limb salvage surgery, a need of the hour treatment, is routinely done here in collaboration with plastic and reconstructive surgeons trained in Musculoskeletal Oncology.

Types of Ortho Oncology Cancers

Bone cancers can occur in any part of the bone. When there is abnormal growth it is called a tumour, which is benign or cancerous. A tumour that is benign is likely to grow but not spread to other parts of the body. It can, however, grow and weaken the bone leading to fracture. When a bone tumour is malignant or cancerous it can destroy the cortex of the bone and spread to the other parts of the body.

The most common types of bone cancers are osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. These two types usually occur in children and adolescents.

        * Osteosarcoma

Cancer that develops in the connective tissues of the body is called sarcoma. They are very rare and can affect the muscles, fat, tendons, bones, cartilage, nerves, and blood vessels. Though they can occur in any part of the body they are most common in the limbs. A sarcoma that grows in the bone tissue is called osteosarcoma. It usually starts in the legs near the knee joint or in the upper arm close to the shoulder. It can, however, occur in any bone in the body and very rarely in the soft tissue outside the bone. When osteosarcoma grows in the bone it is called a central tumour or medullary tumour and when it is on the surface it is called a surface tumour or peripheral tumour.

         *Ewing Sarcoma

This type of sarcoma can occur in the bone or in the soft tissue near the bone. When they are in the bone they are most commonly found in the leg, pelvis, arm, rib or spine of the patient. When Ewing sarcomas are in the soft tissue they are usually found in the chest wall, spine, thigh, pelvis or foot.

The other common types of bone cancers are:

         *Chondrosarcoma: This is a cancer of the cartilage tissue and is more commonly found in adults.
         *Chordoma: A cancer of the bone that usually starts in the lower spine.

Other soft-tissue sarcomas that start in the bone are:

        *Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS). UPS is a very rare bone cancer that is most often            found in the knee joint area in adults.

         *Fibrosarcoma: This is a soft tissue sarcoma that begins in the thigh bone. It is more common                 amongst middle-aged people.

           *Sarcoma Of Paget’s Disease Of The Bone: This is a condition where there is an overgrowth of              the bony tissues, especially around the skull area. It is more commonly found in older people                and can rarely develop into bone cancer such as osteosarcoma.

Diagnosis

An orthopaedic oncologist will perform a physical examination of the affected area and then further investigate using various diagnostic tests such as :

* Blood tests: In some patients, there is a higher than normal level of certain tumour markers or biomarkers that indicate tumours. For example, higher alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels are found in patients with osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma. However, a blood test alone cannot be used to diagnose bone cancers as such high levels may be present when bone tissue is active due to other reasons such as a healing fracture or in growing children.

* X-rays: X-rays are the most common way to study the bony structures.

* Bone Scans: Bone scans involve the usage of a radioactive substance called a tracer being injected into the bloodstream of a person. This is then detected through a scan which will show where more of the tracer is collected.

* CT Scan: A computed tomography scan uses X-rays and sometimes a dye that is injected into the patient to produce two-dimensional images of the body tissues. These images show any tumours or abnormalities if they are present. There is a small amount of radiation that the patient is exposed to. In cases where exposure to radiation is not recommended, an MRI scan may be preferable.

* MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging obtains images of the body tissues by using magnetic fields and can be used to study tumours or measure their size. They are also used to study the soft tissues. Sometimes a contrast dye is used to get clearer pictures. Since MRI uses strong magnetic fields it cannot be used for patients who have implanted devices.

 *  PET-CT Scan: A Positron Emission Tomography scan combined with a CT scan is used to          get  highly detailed images of the inside of a person’s body.

          *  Biopsy: Imaging techniques are used to detect tumours and abnormalities in the body.             

          *  However, the diagnosis of cancer can be made only after a sample of the tissue is studied.      

           

          *This  is possible through a biopsy where a tissue sample is obtained through a needle or                          surgically. It involves making a small hole in the bone to get a sample. Depending on where     

           the tumour is located, in some cases, a biopsy may not be possible.

Treatment & Preventions

When an oncologist has confirmed the diagnosis of cancer the tumour is studied for severity depending on various factors and they are assigned a stage. The bone cancer treatment that is chosen will be the most appropriate for the type and stage of cancer. Some of the most common treatments are:

Cancer is treated through chemotherapy by the infusion of drugs that are harmful to cancer cells usually into the bloodstream. It may involve the usage of one or more drugs that can be repeated in cycles.

Targeted therapy takes place when the genes, proteins or tissue environment of the cancer is specifically targeted. This limits the damage to healthy cells while effectively targeting the cancerous cells. The target can be determined by tests that help to identify the best target for the specific patient’s tumour.

Radiation therapy uses the targeted application of radiation such as X-rays or other particles to the cancerous cells to destroy them. Narayana Health bone cancer hospital in India uses the latest in technology to very precisely deliver radiation to make the bone cancer treatment time as short as possible. Radiation therapy can be given before or after surgery depending on the nature of cancer.

Surgical bone cancer treatment removes cancerous tissue as well as some marginal tissue that surrounds it. The oncologist will usually team it with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. At Narayana Health we strive to preserve most of the limb, this is called limb salvage. In some cases, however, amputation may be the only option. New techniques of surgery attempt to spare as much of the limb as possible using prosthesis, bone grafts and other reconstructive surgery techniques. Soft tissue such as muscle is then used to cover the area. Recovery from surgery will also include other rehabilitation and therapy for the patient to recover physical abilities and any emotional issues.

In some patients, especially those with osteosarcoma, cancer will have spread to other parts of the body despite surgery; it usually spreads to the lungs. To avoid such a possibility, surgery is often followed by chemotherapy too.

Though there is no prevention of bone cancers it is important that it be detected as early as possible. Early detection improves the outcome of treatment. When a patient has risk factors such as genetic predisposition to cancers, especially sarcomas, a history of radiation therapy or chemotherapy and benign bone tumours or other bone conditions they should be regularly monitored. Regular check-ups are advised to catch any problems early.

 3rd Edition of Orthopedic | 24-26 April 2023 | London, United Kingdom

Visit:https://orthopedic-conferences.pencis.com/

#Oncology#Orthopedics#Orthopedic surgery#Joints#Bone#Arthritis#Fracture#Dislocation

#Sprain#Strain#Tendinitis
#Bursitis#Osteoporosis#Scoliosis#Kyphosis#Lordosis
#Spine#Back pain#Neck pain
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#Elbow#Wrist#Hand#Foot#Ankle#Joint replacement

Fracture liaison services, zoledronic acid infusion improved osteoporosis treatment rates

Published results showed integration of fracture liaison and orthopedic services, as well as inpatient zoledronic acid administration, may improve osteoporosis pharmacotherapy rates among patients with fragility fractures.

Researchers systematically consulted the Massachusetts General Hospital fracture liaison service for patients admitted to the orthopedics service with fragility fracture between February 2016 and December 2019. Researchers established initial outpatient follow-up with fracture liaison service in conjunction with the orthopedic postoperative follow-up visit. Patients at risk for failing timely outpatient follow-up received zoledronic acid during the index fracture hospitalization, according to researchers. Researchers considered the percentage of patients with fragility fractures started on pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis, and average length of stay and 30-day readmission rate of patients treated with zoledronic acid as the main outcome measures.

Among 1,240 patients who received inpatient consultations with the Massachusetts General Hospital fracture liaison service, 479 patients experienced prior fragility fractures. Researchers found 11.5% of the 479 patients who experienced a prior fragility fracture were on osteoporosis treatment prior to admission compared with 5.8% of 761 patients who did not have prior fragility fractures. Researchers found the most common type of fracture was hip fracture, which occurred in 60% of the 1,240 patients.

Of the 575 patients scheduled for a combined orthopedics-fracture liaison service postoperative initial output office follow-up, results showed 53.3% kept their appointments, 33.7% of patients canceled and 12.9% of patients did not attend. Researchers found 39% of the 1,060 potentially eligible patients were on pharmacotherapy by the time of the initial postoperative orthopedic follow-up appointment. Researchers also noted 70% of the 589 patients who were eligible for treatment and whose treatment status was known received pharmacotherapy.

Results showed 108 of 114 patients who received inpatient treatment were given zoledronic acid, which included 26% of the 412 patients who had a confirmed treatment initiation. When comparing 60 patients with hip fracture who received zoledronic acid infusion to 106 patients who declined treatment, researchers found no differences in length of stay or 30-day readmission rates.

“Appropriate initiation of zoledronic acid following a fragility fracture during the index hospitalization may be an effective way to facilitate closure of the osteoporosis treatment gap, particularly in those with advanced age and frailty,” the authors wrote.

3rd Edition of Orthopedic | 24-26 April 2023 | London, United Kingdom

Visit:https://orthopedic-conferences.pencis.com/

#Orthopedics#Orthopedic surgery#Joints#Bone#Arthritis#Fracture#Dislocation
#Sprain#Strain#Tendinitis
#Bursitis#Osteoporosis#Scoliosis#Kyphosis#Lordosis
#Spine#Back pain#Neck pain
#Hip#Knee#Shoulder
#Elbow#Wrist#Hand#Foot#Ankle#Joint replacement

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New techniques for bone loss repair accompanying anterior shoulder instability

John M. Tokish, M.D., an orthopedic surgeon specializing in shoulder repair at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, and team developed a shoulder instability procedure to address bone loss in patients undergoing instability surgery. The procedure, described in a 2020 issue of Arthroscopy Techniques, addresses bone loss that accompanies repeated shoulder dislocations following initial injury with a labral tear. This arthroscopic procedure utilizes a bone graft to augment the glenoid along with labrum repair. The procedure also uses suture anchors rather than metal or plastic screws, which Dr. Tokish and colleagues describe in the April 2022 edition of Arthroscopy Techniques, a free, open-access journal.

"This repair is effective with low complication rates and strong reducibility for surgeons nationwide," says Dr. Tokish. Suture anchor fixation also avoids previously reported drawbacks with other materials.

"This is a promising new advance decreasing shoulder instability repair morbidity," says Dr. Tokish.

Shoulder instability commonly occurs in older adults from falls and is prevalent in athletes ages 13 to 25.

"We really see it in young athletes who participate in contact sports," said Dr. Tokish. "Typical mechanism of injury examples are football tackles or motorcycle crashes."

Prior to injury, the glenoid cavity may appear pear shaped. However, significant bone loss converts it to an inverted pear shape. The injury transforms the glenoid's rounded crest to a missing arc.

Shoulder instability repair technique evolution

In 1954, Michel Latarjet, M.D., a French surgeon, developed a repair for shoulder instability with bone loss, transferring a portion of the coracoid to the glenoid. This repair is described in a 2016 Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy article. "The Latarjet procedure had good outcomes yet was technically difficult and challenging for broad replication," says Dr. Tokish.

Due to this shortcoming, arthroscopic Bankart repair — attaching the glenoid labrum and joint capsule, a procedure Dr. Tokish calls "simple, fast and slick" — surpassed Latarjet in the 1970s.

Yet, an article on the Bankart technique published in a 2000 issue of Arthroscopy noted a 6.5% failure rate in 194 patients studied after arthroscopic Bankart repair. Though Dr. Tokish considers this acceptable, if the patient had bone loss, failure rate was 69%. For contact athletes, failure rate was 89%.

A concern with a Bankart repair is how to address soft tissue damage that contributes to shoulder instability yet excludes bony structure repair. The initial injury may damage the glenoid and humeral head, leading to repeated dislocation resulting in additional bone loss over time.

The data in this Arthroscopy article prompted the Latarjet's resurgence, especially in France, with low early failure rates, according to Dr. Tokish, yet Latarjet's learning curve was steep.

"Latarjet works — it's wonderful, but most people are uncomfortable doing it," he says.

Surgeons using the Latarjet then incorporated intraoperative monitoring triggers — nerve alerts — warning about nerve damage risk and need for technique modification. Next, in a 2014 Neer Award paper published in the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, a Boston research group found nerve alerts occurred during 77% of Latarjet procedures studied. When investigators evaluated postoperative complications, 21% demonstrated nerve damage, though most resolved.

Some surgeons suggested improper technique prompted complication rates. But a study based on French recommendations found no statistically significant differences in post-Latarjet nerve damage. The study was published in a 2012 issue of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery."It's a rare complication, but if it happens, it's a significant problem," says Dr. Tokish.Due to concerns with the Latarjet procedure, some surgeons transitioned to repair via autograft and allograft from sources such as iliac crest bone. However, a Latarjet vs. iliac crest bone graft transfer study published in Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery demonstrated significant postsurgical hip pain. Other surgeons continued with traditional Bankart repair.

Bankart versus techniques addressing bone loss

Measuring bone loss percentage is crucial for shoulder instability injuries, says Dr. Tokish. At 13% glenoid bone loss, Bankart failure rate is high; notably, over half of patients have 13.5% bone loss post-injury.
Dr. Tokish is concerned that by using the Bankart, a soft tissue repair which does not augment bone, surgeons are failing to address missing bone.

Though Dr. Tokish's new procedure involves distal clavicle autograft, he indicates a surgeon may customize an allograft or autograft source from the iliac crest, distal clavicle, distal tibia or donor graft, based on individual injury. Potential determining factors include limited donor graft storage time and bone quantity needed.

"Distal clavicle is the patient's own bone," says Dr. Tokish. "It's free, but grafts can be smaller, so it can't work for significant bone loss.

Mayo Clinic in Arizona distal clavicle allograft experience and patient referral

The arthroscopic bone grafting procedure Dr. Tokish developed has performed well for Mayo Clinic in Arizona. It has demonstrated known arthroscopic procedure cosmetic and healing benefits and has low dislocation and graft site morbidity rates.

Nerve damage risk has prevented some patients from pursuing shoulder instability repair, especially those concerned about sports careers, he says. Dr. Tokish's technique uses standard portals that most surgeons are familiar with, and it does not require the steps that the Latarjet does, decreasing the potential risk of nerve injury.

Dr. Tokish invites surgeons whose patients may benefit from the allograft or autograft with suture anchor technique to refer patients to Mayo Clinic in Arizona.




3rd Edition of Orthopedic | 24-26 April 2023 | London, United Kingdom

Visit:https://orthopedic-conferences.pencis.com/

#Orthopedics#Orthopedic surgery#Joints#Bone#Arthritis#Fracture#Dislocation
#Sprain#Strain#Tendinitis
#Bursitis#Osteoporosis#Scoliosis#Kyphosis#Lordosis
#Spine#Back pain#Neck pain
#Hip#Knee#Shoulder
#Elbow#Wrist#Hand#Foot#Ankle#Joint replacement

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3rd Edition of International Research Awards on Orthopedics and Sports Medicine .

International Research Awards on Orthopedic and Sports Medicine is the Researchers and Research organizations around the world in the motive of Encouraging and Honouring them for their Significant contributions & Achievements for the Advancement in their field of Expertise. Researchers and scholars of all nationalities are eligible to receive Pencis Research awards. Nominees are judged on past accomplishments, research excellence and outstanding academic achievements.

Vedio link: https://studio.youtube.com/video/FwDT_RulhAM/edit

visit: https://orthopedic-conferences.pencis.com/

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Golfer's elbow

Golfer's elbow is a condition that causes pain where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to the bony bump on the inside of your elbow. The pain might spread into your forearm and wrist.

Golfer's elbow is similar to tennis elbow, which occurs on the outside of the elbow. It's not limited to golfers. Tennis players and others who repeatedly use their wrists or clench their fingers also can develop golfer's elbow.

The pain of golfer's elbow doesn't have to keep you off the course or away from your favorite activities. Rest and appropriate treatment can get you back into the swing of things.

Golfer's elbow is characterized by:

Pain and tenderness. Usually felt on the inner side of your elbow, the pain sometimes extends along the inner side of your forearm. Pain typically worsens with certain movements.

Stiffness. Your elbow may feel stiff, and making a fist might hurt.
Weakness. You may have weakness in your hands and wrists.

Numbness or tingling. These sensations might radiate into one or more fingers — usually the ring and little fingers.

The pain of golfer's elbow can come on suddenly or gradually. The pain might worsen with certain movements, such as swinging a golf club.

When to see a doctor

Consult your doctor if rest, ice and over-the-counter pain relievers don't ease your elbow pain and tenderness. Seek immediate care if:

       Your elbow is hot and inflamed, and you have a fever

       You can't bend your elbow

       Your elbow looks deformed

       You suspect you've broken a bone

Golfer's elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis, is caused by damage to the muscles and tendons that control your wrist and fingers. The damage is typically related to excess or repeated stress — especially forceful wrist and finger motions. Improper lifting, throwing or hitting, as well as too little warmup or poor conditioning, also can contribute to golfer's elbow.

Besides golf, many activities and occupations can lead to golfer's elbow, including:

Racket sports. Improper technique with tennis strokes, especially the backhand, can cause injury to the tendon. Excessive use of topspin and using a racket that's too small or heavy also can lead to injury.

Throwing sports. Improper pitching technique in baseball or softball can be another culprit. Football, archery and javelin throwing also can cause golfer's elbow.

Weight training. Lifting weights using improper technique, such as curling the wrists during a biceps exercise, can overload the elbow muscles and tendons.        

Forceful, repetitive occupational movements. These occur in fields such as construction,         plumbing and carpentry

To cause golfer's elbow, the activity generally needs to be done for more than an hour a day on many days.

Risk factors

You could be at higher risk of developing golfer's elbow if you're:Age 40 or older

Performing repetitive activity at least two hours a day

Obese

A smoker

You can take steps to prevent golfer's elbow:

Strengthen your forearm muscles. Use light weights or squeeze a tennis ball. Even simple exercises can help your muscles absorb the energy of sudden physical stress.

Stretch before your activity. Walk or jog for a few minutes to warm up your muscles. Then do gentle stretches before you begin your game.

Fix your form. Whatever your sport, ask an instructor to check your form to avoid overload on muscles.

Use the right equipment. If you're using older golfing irons, consider upgrading to lighter graphite clubs. If you play tennis, make sure your racket fits you. A racket with a small grip or a heavy head may increase the risk of elbow problems.

Lift properly. When lifting anything — including free weights — keep your wrist rigid and stable to reduce the force to your elbow.

Know when to rest. Try not to overuse your elbow. At the first sign of elbow pain, take a break.

#golfer elbow#Tendinosis#Orthopedics#Orthopedic surgery#Joints#Bone#Arthritis#Fracture#Dislocation#Sprain#Strain#Tendinitis#Bursitis#Osteoporosis
#Scoliosis#Kyphosis#Lordosis#Spine#Back pain#Neck pain#Hip
#Knee#Shoulder#Elbow#Wrist#Hand#Foot#Ankle#Prosthetics
#Orthotics#Physical therapy#Rehabilitation#Sports medicine#Trauma
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Femoral neck fracture — hip fracture that occurs one to two inches from the hip joint, sometimes leading to complications as the break usually cuts off blood supply to the head of the femur which forms the hip joint. See Fracture.

Femoral neck fractures and peritrochanteric fractures are equally prevalent and make up over 90 percent of proximal femur fractures.

The femoral neck is the most common location for a hip fracture. Your hip is a ball and socket joint where your upper leg meets your pelvis. At the top of your femur (which is your thigh bone) is the femoral head. This is the “ball” that sits in the socket. Just below the femoral head is the femoral neck.

Femoral neck fractures are intracapsular fractures. The capsule is the area that contains the fluid that lubricates and nourishes the hip joint. Fractures in this area are categorized based on the location of the fracture along the femoral neck:

     * subcapital is the femoral head and neck junction

     * transcervical is the mid portion of femoral neck

      * basicervical is the base of femoral neck.

Though anyone can fracture their femoral neck, it’s considerably more common in elderly adults who have poor bone density. More than 90 percentTrusted Source of these fractures occur in people older than 50. They are more common in women.

A femoral neck fracture can tear the blood vessels and cut off the blood supply to the femoral head. If the blood supply to the femoral head is lost, the bone tissue will die (a process called avascular necrosis), leading to the eventual collapse of the bone. Fractures that occur in places where the blood supply is not disrupted have a better chance of healing.

For these reasons, treatment for an elderly patient with displaced femoral fractures will depend upon the location of the break and the quality of the blood supply.

The standard of care for a displaced fracture where the blood supply is disrupted involves replacing the femoral head (hemiarthroplasty or a total hip arthroplasty). If there’s no displacement, then surgically stabilizing the fracture with screws or other hardware may be done. However, there’s still the risk that the blood supply may be disrupted

Femoral neck stress fracture causes

Trauma is the most common cause of femoral neck fractures. Being over the age of 50 or having a medical condition that weakens your bones, such as osteoporosis, increases your risk of a fracture in the femoral neck. Having bone cancer is also a risk factor.

Falls are the most common cause of femoral neck fractures in older adults. In younger people, these fractures most often result from high-energy trauma, such as a vehicle collision or fall from a great height.

Femoral neck fractures are rare in children. Along with high-energy trauma, they can also be caused by low bone mineral density, such as osteopenia or osteoporosis, or by other conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

Femoral neck fracture symptoms

The most common symptom of a femoral neck fracture is pain in the groin that gets worse when you put weight on the hip or try to rotate the hip. If your bone is weakened by osteoporosis, cancer, or another medical condition, you might experience groin pain leading up to the time of the fracture.

With a femoral neck fracture, your leg may appear shorter than your uninjured leg, or your leg may be externally rotated with your foot and knee turned outward.

Diagnosing a hip fracture

A doctor can usually determine if you have a hip fracture based on the position of your hip and leg, along with your symptoms. After a physical examination, your doctor will use an X-ray to confirm you have a fracture and determine which part of the hip is affected.

Small hairline fractures or incomplete fractures may not show up on an X-ray. If your fracture can’t be seen in the images and you still have symptoms, your doctor may recommend a CT scan, or an MRI or bone scan for a more detailed look.

#Tendinosis#Orthopedics#Orthopedic surgery#Joints#Bone#Arthritis#Fracture#Dislocation#Sprain#Strain#Tendinitis#Bursitis#Osteoporosis
#Scoliosis#Kyphosis#Lordosis#Spine#Back pain#Neck pain#Hip
#Knee#Shoulder#Elbow#Wrist#Hand#Foot#Ankle#Prosthetics
#Orthotics#Physical therapy#Rehabilitation#Sports medicine#Trauma
#Joint replacement#Total joint reconstruction#Arthroscopy#Soft tissue repair#Cartilage #restoration#Joint preservation#Orthopedic implants#Biomaterials#Orthopedic devices

Stress fracture — tiny overuse fractures, usually to a bone in the foot or the shin bone (tibia).

Stress Fractures

A stress fracture is a very small crack in the bone. This can happen from repetitive trauma and is commonly seen in athletes – particularly long-distance runners. Stress injuries can be found in the shin bone, foot, heel, hip and lower back. Treatment for stress fractures usually involves rest while the bone heals and changing your activity level to prevent another injury.

What is a stress reaction or stress fracture

A stress reaction can be considered similar to a deep bone bruise, which arises from trauma or overuse. Stress injuries can be classified on a spectrum upon diagnosis: early (stress reaction) or late (stress fracture). A stress reaction that goes untreated will develop into a stress fracture. In a stress fracture, a small crack develops from repetitive trauma, which is usually caused by overuse. Overuse injuries account for almost 50% of all sports injuries.

Where do stress fractures happen

Stress fractures can occur anywhere there is overuse, but they’re most commonly found in the lower extremity as a result of impact and weight bearing activities. The most common bone is the shin bone or tibia (20% to 75% of all stress fractures — often running injuries). Stress fractures can also occur in the foot. The foot is made up of several small bones. The bones running to the toes are called metatarsals. There are five metatarsals in each foot. It is most common for a stress fracture to happen in the second and third metatarsals. Stress fractures can also be seen in the heel (calcaneus), hip (proximal femur) and even the lower back.

What causes a stress fracture?

Risk factors for stress fractures can be divided into two basic categories: extrinsic and intrinsic.

Extrinsic factors happen outside of the body. These can also be called environmental (nature) factors. These factors can include:

*Practicing incorrect training or sport technique.

*Having too rapid of a training program or volume of activity or changing your activity level without a gradual break-in period.

*Changing the surface you exercise on, such as going from a soft surface (like an indoor track) to outside on gravel or concrete.

*Running on a track or road with sloped surface.

*Using poor equipment or improper footwear (shoes that are too worn out, too flimsy or too stiff).

*Doing repetitive activity in certain high-impact sports, such as:

Long-distance running (tibia, hip).
Basketball.
Tennis.
Track and field.
Gymnastics (wrist stress fractures from weight bearing on hands/wrists, low back).
Dance (feet, low back).

     *Having a poor diet that has inadequate caloric intake for volume of sport.

    *Having a low vitamin D level.

 
    *Experiencing early specialization in sports. Youth who play one sport year-round without a break a        are at risk of stress fractures.

Intrinsic factors are things that are related to the athlete or patient and aren’t impacted by outside forces. These factors can include:Age: Older athletes may have underlying bone density issues such as osteoporosis. Already weakened bone will develop a stress reaction and/or fracture sooner than healthy bone.

Weight: Both ends of the spectrum seem to be at risk for stress injuries. Someone with a low BMI or underweight individual may have weakened bones and someone with a high BMI doing repetitive loading with their body weight would also be at risk for injuries.

Anatomy: Foot problems can affect the way the foot strikes the ground. These foot problems can include bunions, blisters, tendonitis, and low or high arches. Muscle weakness, imbalances or lack of flexibility can also be a factor.

Sex: Females may be at risk if they have irregular menstrual periods or no periods.

Medical conditions: Osteoporosis or other diseases that weaken bone strength and density (thickness). The weak or soft bones may not be able to handle the changes in activity.

What are the symptoms of a stress fracture

The symptoms of a stress fracture can include:

Pain, swelling or aching at the site of fracture.

Tenderness or “pinpoint pain” when touched on the bone.

Pain that begins after starting an activity and then resolves with rest.

Pain that’s present throughout the activity and does not go away after the activity has ended.

Pain which occurs while at rest, during normal activity or with everyday walking.

Pain which is worse with hopping on one leg or an inability to shift weight/hop on affected leg/foot.If a stress fracture is not treated at an early stage (stress reaction), the pain can become severe. There is also a risk that the fracture may become displaced (the fractured bone moves out of normal alignment). Certain stress fractures (hip) are considered “high risk” stress fractures because they may have a poor outcome (such as needing surgery) if not identified early.

#Tendinosis#Orthopedics#Orthopedic surgery#Joints#Bone#Arthritis#Fracture#Dislocation#Sprain#Strain#Tendinitis#Bursitis#Osteoporosis
#Scoliosis#Kyphosis#Lordosis#Spine#Back pain#Neck pain#Hip
#Knee#Shoulder#Elbow#Wrist#Hand#Foot#Ankle#Prosthetics
#Orthotics#Physical therapy#Rehabilitation#Sports medicine#Trauma
#Joint replacement#Total joint reconstruction#Arthroscopy#Soft tissue repair#Cartilage #restoration#Joint preservation#Orthopedic implants#Biomaterials#Orthopedic devices

Tendinosis degeneration of the tendon’s collagen in response to chronic overuse.

Tendinosis describes pain and inflammation in a tendon, the structure that enables bones and joints to move when muscles contract.
The condition is caused by small tears that occur in the tendon tissue, which causes the number of tendon repair cells to increase. This can lead to a reduction in tensile strength which, in turn, increases the likelihood of the tendon rupturing.

Some of the primary features of tendinosis include degeneration of the callagenous matrix; a lack of cells involved in inflammation and an increase in the amount of blood vessels.

Tendinosis may affect tendons in the shoulder, knee, wrist, elbow, finger, thigh or heel. Tendon tears can be caused by injury incurred through sport, for example, and overuse of a tendon can lead to repetitive strain injury.

Some of the main symptoms of this condition are described below:

     *Swelling that impairs movement of the tendon

     *Intense pain in the tendon, especially on movement of the affected area

     *Joint stiffness

     *A grating or crackling sensation as the tendon moves

     *Weakness in the affected area

     *Development of a lump along the tendon

     *If the condition persists, the tendon may eventually tear completely and a gap may be felt along             the tendon. Movement of the affected area is then further impaired.

      *If the sheath that surrounds the tendon is affected rather than the tendon itself, the term used is tenosynovitis

Treatment

Treatment approaches to tendinosis include taking pain relief medications and making lifestyle changes such as adjusting posture when sitting or strengthening the joints through exercise.

There are various other approaches to managing this condition and they differ depending on the severity of symptoms and which tendon is affected.

Some measures people can take if they have tendinosis include:

     *Stopping whichever activity has caused the condition such as typing or playing a sport. This                   should prevent further damage and inflammation.

     *Resting the affected tendon to reduce inflammation.

     *Applying some form of support such as a splint, brace or bandage to help reduce movement.

     *Visiting a physiotherapist, who uses techniques to relieve pain and help people regain function of          the affected area. Some of these techniques include exercises, massage, lasers and ultrasound.

    *Applying ice packs to cause vessel constriction and prevent abnormal neovascularisation or blood 

      vessel formation at the affected tendons.

    *Taking dietary supplements such as amino acids has been reported to improve symptoms, although 

      no evidence yet exists to support this.

    *Taking anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen, diclofenac or aceclofenac.

Usually, tendinosis improves over time and surgery is not required, but in some severe cases surgery is considered as an option.

Corticosteroids can be injected into the joint spaces to reduce inflammation. These injections can relieve pain but they can cause side effects such as thinning of the skin.

#Tendinosis#Orthopedics#Orthopedic surgery#Joints#Bone

#Arthritis#Fracture#Dislocation#Sprain#Strain#Tendinitis#Bursitis#Osteoporosis
#Scoliosis#Kyphosis#Lordosis#Spine#Back pain#Neck pain#Hip
#Knee#Shoulder#Elbow#Wrist#Hand#Foot#Ankle#Prosthetics
#Orthotics#Physical therapy#Rehabilitation#Sports medicine#Trauma
#Joint replacement#Total joint reconstruction#Arthroscopy#Soft tissue repair#Cartilage #restoration#Joint preservation#Orthopedic implants#Biomaterials#Orthopedic devices

Limb sparing surgery for bone cancer

Limb sparing surgery is the main operation for primary bone cancer in the arms or legs.

This page is about cancer that starts in your bone (primary bone cancer).

If your cancer has spread into bone from another part of the body, it is called secondary or metastatic bone cancer.

What is limb sparing surgery

Most primary bone cancers are in the arms or legs. Limb sparing surgery is the main operation for these cancers. This means removing the cancer without removing the affected arm or leg. It is also sometimes called limb salvage surgery.

The surgeon removes the area of bone containing the cancer and may replace it with a:metal implant called a prosthesis
replacement bone either from another part of the body or from a bone bank

In some cases the affected bone is taken out, treated with radiotherapy and then put back into the body.

Why you have limb sparing surgery

If your cancer is in an arm, leg, shoulder or hip, your surgeon will want to do limb sparing surgery if at all possible. This means removing the cancer, but not the whole arm or leg.

This is the most common type of surgery for primary bone cancer. Around 85 out of every 100 (85%) osteosarcomas are treated in this way.

It is often possible to remove just the tumour even if the cancer is in your hip bones (the pelvis). In the past, sometimes the whole leg and hip had to be removed.

What happens

You have the surgery in an operating theatre.Your nurse puts a small tube into a vein in the back of your hand. Your anaesthetist gives you the anaesthetic medicine through the tube and you go to sleep.

The surgeon removes the area of bone containing the cancer and replaces it with a metal implant called a prosthesis. If the cancer is near a joint, the surgeon will remove the joint as well and replace it with a false one.

You more commonly have this surgery to bones in the leg, such as the femur or tibia. These operations are called femoral replacement surgery and tibial replacement surgery respectively.

It is also done in the major bone in the upper arm, called the humerus. This operation is called humeral replacement surgery.

he most important thing is that the surgeon removes all the cancer. So they also take out a margin of healthy bone tissue all around the cancer. They send this to the laboratory to be carefully checked to make sure all the cancer has been removed.

Once the cancer is all out, the surgeon then performs the limb reconstruction part of the surgery.

Sometimes during the operation the tumour is found to be larger than the scans had shown or unexpectedly involves the nerves or blood vessels. When this happens, limb salvage may not be possible and an amputation has to be done instead.

#Limb sparing surgery

#Orthopedic devices#Orthopedic equipment#Orthopedic instruments
#Orthopedic braces.#Orthopedics
#Orthopedic surgery#Joint replacement#Arthroplasty#Hip replacement
#Knee replacement#Shoulder replacement#Spine surgery
#Scoliosis#Deformity correction#Fracture#Dislocation
#Arthritis#Osteoarthritis#Rheumatoid arthritis#Cartilage repair
#Meniscus tear#Tendinitis#Bursitis

Trigger finger—an abnormal condition in which inflammation and thickening of the tendons of the finger make it difficult to straighten or bend the finger.

What Is Trigger Finger?

Trigger finger is a painful condition that makes your fingers or thumb catch or lock when you bend them. It can affect any finger or more than one finger at a time. You can also have it in both hands. You might hear it called stenosing tenosynovitis. When it affects your thumb, it’s called trigger thumb.

Trigger Finger Symptoms

         * A painful clicking or snapping when you bend or straighten your finger. It’s worse when your finger’s been still, and it gets better as you move it.
        * Stiffness in your finger, especially in the morning
        * Soreness or a bump at the base of the finger or thumb. Your doctor will call this a nodule.
       * A popping or clicking as you move your finger
       * A locked finger that you can’t straighten

Symptoms often start mild and get worse over time. It’s more likely to happen after a period of heavy hand use than after an injury.

        *  In the morning

        * When you grasp something firmly
        * When you try to straighten your finger

Causes of Trigger Finger

Repeated movement or forceful use of your finger or thumb can lead to inflammation of a tendon, which can cause trigger finger.

Tendons are surrounded by a tissue layer known as the synovial sheath, which allows tendons to slide easily. Sometimes, a tendon or the surrounding synovial sheath gets inflamed and swollen. Long-term irritation of the tendon sheath can lead to scarring and thickening that affect the tendon's motion. When this happens, bending your finger or thumb pulls the inflamed tendon through a narrowed sheath and makes it snap or pop.

Trigger Finger Risk Factors

Things that make you more likely to have trigger finger include.

        * Age. It usually shows up between ages 40 and 60.
        * Sex. It’s more common in women than men.
        * Health conditions.Diabetes, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis can lead to trigger finger.
        * Job. It’s common among farmers, industrial workers, musicians, and anyone else who repeats finger and thumb movements.\

Surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome. It’s most common in the first 6 months after your operation.

Trigger Finger Diagnosis

There are no X-rays or lab tests to diagnose trigger finger. Your doctor will do a physical exam of your hand and fingers, and they’ll ask about your symptoms.

Complications of trigger finger surgery

Any surgical procedure has some risks. Surgery for trigger finger may lead to complications like:

         * Infection

         * Finger stiffness or pain
         * Scarring and tenderness
         * Nerve damage
         * Tendon in the wrong position (bowstringing)
         * Pain and swelling in your hand (complex regional pain syndrome or CRPS). This usually goes away over a few months.

#Bone
#Knee
#Physiotherapy
#Trigger Finger

What is a bone scan?

A bone scan is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine the various bones of the skeleton. It is done to identify areas of physical and chemical changes in bone. A bone scan may also be used to follow the progress of treatment of certain conditions.

 #Bone #Scintigraphy #musculoskeletal trauma#spine diseases#sports injuries #degenerative diseases#congenital disorders #Lancet#Arthroplasty#Injury #shoulder surgery #Elbow Surgery#Spine #bone #Knee#Physiotherapy#Foot Surgery #ankle Surgery #posture #gait #cartilage #Osteoarthritis

2nd Edition International Reserach Awards on orthopedic and Sports Medicine

International Conference on Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, organized by the Pencis group. International Conference on Orthopedics and Sports Medicine is a discussion of common Bacteria, orthopedics conference are disorders caused by organisms The focal point of orthopedics Conferences is to bring forward discoveries, examine the system and strategic issues, assemble and keep forth basic systems between analysts, professionals, arrangement producers, and agents of orthopedics Associations. Essential orthopedics Conference put emphasis on its theme "Innovation through Information on Orthopedic and Sports Medicine" and intends to provide an impetus to health practice, administration, and training in connection to health inconsistencies and conjugation of other different points. Patients with access to a general essential care doctor have brought down available medicinal services cost than those without one, and Health results been better. orthopedics Conference is an opportunity to interact with specialists and to learn the latest Orthopedic and Sports Medicine and orthopedics conference related information.

Award Nomination - https://x-i.me/ortawr21

#musculoskeletal trauma#spine diseases#sports injuries#degenerative diseases
#congenital disorders#Lancet#Arthroplasty#Injury#Shoulder surgery
#Elbow Surgery#Spine#Bone#Knee#Physiotherapy
#Foot Surgery#Ankle Surgery#Posture#Gait#Cartilage
#Osteoarthritis

                                                         For Enquiries
                                                  orthopedic@pencis.com

Periosteum

Almost all your bones are covered by the periosteum. It supplies them the blood they need, and helps them grow and heal. If you damage or injure a bone, the periosteum is what will repair the damage and regrow your bone as you recover.

What is the periosteum?

The periosteum is the medical definition for the membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones. Periosteum is pronounced peRRY-OSS-tee-um. It’s what delivers bones their blood supply and gives them their sense of feeling.

Special cells in the periosteum help your bones grow and develop and repairs them after a bone fracture.

What does the periosteum do?

The periosteum has three functions:

         * Supplying blood to your bones.

         * Giving them their sense of feeling.
         * Growing and repairing your bones.

Blood vessels in the periosteum connect back to your circulatory system to supply fresh, oxygen-rich blood to your bones.Nerves in the periosteum give your bones and the area around them feeling.Your periosteum helps your bones grow and develop. Special cells called osteoprogenitors create osteoblasts (the cells that grow your bones). Babies and children whose bones are still growing and developing have lots of active osteoblasts in their periosteum. As you age and your bones stop growing, you have fewer osteoblasts. However, when something damages your bone — like a fracture — your osteoprogenitor cells “wake up” and create new osteoblasts to heal your bone.

Where is the periosteum located?

Almost all your bones are covered in a periosteum. It covers every part of your bones except places capped in cartilage and the spots where ligaments and tendons attach.

Bones without periosteumThe only bones not covered by periosteum are your sesamoid bones — bones that are embedded in your tendons or muscles. Your sesamoid bones are in joints throughout your body, including:

         * Your patella (kneecap).

         * In your hands and wrists.
         * In your feet.

Because they don’t get direct blood supply from a periosteum, sesamoid bones usually take longer to heal than other bones.

Periosteum layers

The periosteum has two layers.

The outer layer protects the inner layer and the bone beneath it. It’s made of thick collagen fibers. Most of the periosteum’s blood vessels and nerves are in the outer layer.

The inner layer (sometimes called the cambium layer) contains the osteoprogenitor cells and the osteoblasts they create when your bone is growing or needs to heal.

The periosteum is thicker in kids and younger people and thins as you get older and stop developing.

Periosteum vs endosteum and perichondrium

The periosteum, endosteum and perichondrium are all layers of tissue in and around your bones.

The periosteum is the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal.

The endosteum is a membrane that lines the center of your bones that contain bone marrow.

The perichondrium is very similar to the periosteum. It covers the cartilage on the ends of your bones. In the same way the periosteum helps your bones grow and heal, the perichondrium has cells that stimulate new cartilage to grow in areas that need it.

What are the common conditions and disorders that affect the periosteum?

The most common issues that affect the periosteum are periostitis and bone fractures.

Periostitis

Periostitis is the medical term for inflammation of your periosteum. Overusing muscles that attach to the periosteum can irritate it. This irritation makes the periosteum to swell, which can cause pain and other symptoms.

Shin splints are the most common form of periostitis, but it can develop in the periosteum near any muscle that you overuse.

Infections can also cause periostitis. Visit your healthcare provider or go the emergency room if you have any of the following symptoms:

         * Severe pain near a bone.

         * Pus or discharge.
         * Fever.

Bone fractures

A bone fracture is the medical term for breaking a bone. They’re usually caused by serious injuries like car accidents, falls or other traumas. Symptoms of a fracture include: 

         * Pain.
         * Swelling.
         * Tenderness.
         * Inability to move a part of your body you usually can.
         * Bruising or discoloration.
         * A deformity or bump that’s not usually on your body.

Go to the emergency room right away if you’ve experienced a trauma or think you have a fracture.

#musculoskeletal trauma#spine diseases#sports injuries#degenerative diseases
#congenital disorders#Lancet#Arthroplasty#Injury#Shoulder surgery
#Elbow Surgery#Spine#Bone#Knee#Physiotherapy
#Foot Surgery#Ankle Surgery#Posture#Gait#Cartilage
#Osteoarthritis

Avulsion fracture — fracture that occurs when a ligament or tendon pulls off a sliver of the bone.

 

What is an avulsion fracture?

An avulsion fracture is where a small piece of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone. Ligaments hold your bones, joints and organs in place while tendons connect muscles and bones. In an avulsion fracture, your bone moves one way and your tendon or ligament moves in the opposite direction with a broken chunk of bone in tow. This most often happens when you suddenly change direction.

An avulsion fracture can happen to any bone that’s connected to a tendon or ligament. The bones that are most at-risk of an avulsion fracture include:

              * Elbow bones.
              * Ankle and foot bones.
              * Knee bones.
              * Finger and wrist bones.
              * Pelvis and hip bones.
              * Spine bones.

Are avulsion fractures serious?

You might wonder if your injury is serious enough to go to the emergency department. It’s understandably difficult to figure out if your symptoms warrant urgent treatment. But any fracture is serious, including avulsion fractures. Take care of yourself by heading to the emergency department if you think you broke a bone. Professional medical treatment ensures that you'll heal safely and return to your regular routine.

Who do avulsion fractures affect?

People frequently incurring avulsion fractures are athletes and performers such as football players, ballet dancers, gymnasts and skiers. Their activities can involve a lot of sudden changes in direction, leaping and kicking.

However, avulsion fractures can occur in anyone, with injuries similar to sprains such as a twisted ankle.

Avulsion fractures are painful, and an inability to play your favorite sports or do another treasured activity can be painful as well. If you think you’re having issues with your mental or emotional health, let your healthcare provider know. Treatment can help you get through this difficult time.

What causes avulsion fractures?

Playing sports comes with risks. Contact sports like lacrosse, boxing and football, for example, are the most common causes of avulsion fractures. It’s because contact sports involve movements that stress your limbs, such as:

              * Suddenly changing direction.
              * Sprinting.
              * Kicking.
              * Leaping.
              * Falling on an outstretched hand.
              * Suddenly accelerating (getting faster) or suddenly decelerating (going slower).
              * Hitting, as in a boxer or a defensive lineman in a football game hitting an offensive lineman to protect the quarterback.
Sliding, as in a baseball or softball player sliding into home base.

What are the symptoms of avulsion fractures?

After sudden, severe pain, the most common symptoms of avulsion fractures include:

               * Bruising.
               * Swelling.
               * Muscle pain.
               * A popping or cracking sound.
               * Pain that spreads to nearby parts of your body.
               * Limping or an inability to walk, if the broken bone is in or near your leg.
               * Difficulty moving your limb.

Speak with your healthcare provider about all your symptoms. It’s helpful for them to know every detail. You can help them figure out the best treatment plan for you by providing as much information as possible.

#musculoskeletal trauma
#spine diseases
#sports injuries
#degenerative diseases
#congenital disorders
#Lancet
#Arthroplasty
#Injury
#Shoulder surgery
#Elbow Surgery
#Spine
#Bone
#Knee